Disadvantages of Globalization Essay

One of the disadvantages of globalization is the over-standardization of products through global branding. Using Emirate Airline to illustrate this point, globalization will means that their services are standardized which aim to serve all customers. They would lose their uniqueness of the business culture after they go global. Also, the over-globalization will result in the lack of creativity and product diversity Hongladarom (2002), Zekos (2004). Moreover, globalization can also create diseconomies of scale as not all countries have the same growth and economic cycle. For example, Emirate may operate very well in the Middle East and Europe market but expanding into Asia or America market will reduce their profit. This could be due to difficulties of coordinating activities in those new markets or the culture differences. It is also important to note that globalization will cause de-industrialization and high unemployment in the domestic market. Empirical evidences included: Mello (1997), Rodrik (1996), Fagerberg (1994).

Leadership Styles Management Essay

→ Production-centered managers – set rigid work standards, organized asks down to the last detail, prescribed work methods o be followed and closely supervised their subordinates’ work → Employee-centered managers – encouraged subordinate participation in goal setting and in other work decisions and helped ensure high performance by inspiring trust and respect most effective leadership Most effective leaders were those who had supportive relationships with their subordinates, tended to use group rather than individual decision making, and encouraged their subordinates to set and achieve high performance goals. Managerial Grid (Blake and Mouton Studies) developed by Robert Blake and Jane Mouton identifies 5 different types of management behaviors based on the various ways that task-oriented and employee-oriented styles can interact with each other Style 1,1 (impoverished management) – low concern for people, low concern for tasks or production laissez-faire management – leader abdicates his or her leadership role Style 1,9 (country club management) – high concern for employees, low concern for tasks Style 9,1 (task or authoritarian management) – high concern for production and efficiency, low concern for employees Style 5,5 (middle-of-the-road management) – an intermediate amount of concern for both production and employee satisfaction Style 9,9 ( team or democratic management) – high concern for both production and employee morale and satisfaction ; most effective leadership behavior Hi. Alam kong FC ako sa ginagawa ko pero di ko na talaga matiis eh. Haha. Sorry kung na-intrude ko ang privacy mo dito sa FB. Masyado lang kasi akong na-mesmerized dun sa story mong ICH Book 1. Di ko nga alam kung gagamit ako ng â€Å"po at opo† o tatawagin kitang â€Å"Ate† habang tinatype ko to.Haha. Kahit hindi ako nagcocomment sa updates mo (sorry po, tinatamad kasi akong gumawa ng account doon :D), gusto ko lang sabihin na nagustuhan ko yung plot ng story mo at grabe ang kaba ko habang papalapit na ako sa ending. Kahit ending na sya, naramdaman ko pa rin yung â€Å"thrill†. Hindi nakakasawang ulit-ulitin. Noon pa, curious na talaga ako sa identity mo pero may hint na ako na sa UP ka nag-aaral dahil dun sa jeepney ekek na nasabi mo. :3 â€Å"Curiousity killed the cat but satisfaction brought it back.† Wala lungs trip ko lang po isingit to. Mehehehe. Nakita ko po kasi yung link para sa FB account mo kaya ni-click ko na. XD First time kong mag-message sa isang writer ng story kaya pagpasensyahan mo na ako kung mukhang walang sense itong na-type kong message. Wahaha. Yun lang, byebye. =) FC ako, SORRY po ulet. :)))) System 4 Management Rensis Likert, incorporating the basic style categories of task orientation and employee orientation, devised his own model of management effectiveness. Four Leadership Systems System 1 characterized as exploitive and authoritative Managers make all work-related decisions and order their subordinates to carry them out. Failure to meet the managers’ goals results in threats or punishments. Managers have little trust or confidence in subordinates. Subordinates fear the managers. System 2 benevolent authoritative Subordinates who meet or exceed the managers’ goals may be rewarded. Managers have a condescending attitude toward their subordinates and subordinates are cautious when dealing with their managers. System 3 consultative Managers set goals and issue general orders after discussing them with subordinates. Subordinates can make their own decisions about how to carry out their ttasks. Rewards are used to motivate subordinates. Subordinates feel free to discuss most work-related matters with their managers, who, in turn, feel that to a large extent subordinates can be trusted to carry out their tasks properly. System 4 participative Likert’s final and most favored management style Goals are set and work-related decisions are made by group. To motivate subordinates, managers not only use economic rewards but also try to give their subordinates feelings of worth and importance Performance standards exist to permit self-appraisal by subordinates, rather than to provide managers with a tool to control subordinates. Interaction between managers and subordinates is frank, friendly, and trusting. Low productivity → Systems 1 and 2 styles High productivity → Consultative or Participative leadership style System 4 management → desirable management in a wide variety of work situations ———————– High in consideration Lowest turnover rates Highest employee satisfaction Low in consideration High in initiating structture High grievance and turnover rates

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Assignment Example One of the main technological advancements that completely transformed the business world is the invention of the Social Media Networks such as Facebook, Skype and Twitter. Technology enables people to network easily, chat and meet friends over the internet. In addition, businesses take advantage of this platform provided by social media networks to advertise their products and services, i.e. through e marketing and e-commerce. Social media networks have millions of people converging on their sites at the same time. Businesses are looking for these customers. Therefore, it is mandatory for every business to have a presence in social media in order to keep adrift with business trends and transformation (Hair, Lamb and McDaniel 14). On the other hand, social media networks also brought about significant transformation in the social-cultural arena whereby it transformed how people interacted. Through social media networks, it is possible for people to meet and make friends with other fr om parts of the globe. Furthermore, social media sites also enable people to participate in online conversations, voice their opinions about certain issues, as well as contribute to both educational and motivational blogs. As such, social communication greatly advanced through social media networks. This greatly improved interpersonal skills and modes of communication across the globe. The world has become a more social place thanks to social media, and social media networks enabled people to marshal support and fight champion for a common course, e.g. social media sites was very fundamental in organizing the Arab Uprising in Egypt in 2011 (Hair, Lamb and McDaniel 14). A recent study by a consumer health organization, Families USA, reported that pharmaceutical drug companies spend over $57 billion per year on promotion. Direct-to-physician activities accounted for the bulk of spending, on a practice called, â€Å"detailing†Ã¢â‚¬â€visits to physicians by pharmaceutical sales representatives in order to promote their firm’s drugs. Free drug samples distributed during these visit represent another significant expense. It is estimated that in total pharmaceutical companies spend over $61,000 in â€Å"promotion per physician†. The other major piece of the marketing ‘pie’ is spent on consumer-direct marketing—ads that suggest consumers ‘ask the doctor† about drugs we may not even need for ailments we may not even have. The report also states that each of the top 10 pharmaceutical companies spend more than twice as much on marketing on research and development. The market for prescription drugs is unique in many ways. Prescription drug marketers must convince a third party-- a physician-- to prescribe their product to the ultimate consumer, the patient. The decider is the physician, and drug manufacturers' promotional efforts traditionally have been directed toward physicians. Furthermore, drug firms increasingly have to influence committees in hospitals and health management organizations who are determining which drugs their physicians can prescribe. (15) (About 250-300 words) If prescription drugs can only be ordered by a physician, what is the purpose of marketing directly

IAS 16 and IAS 40(International Accounting Standards) Essay

IAS 16 and IAS 40(International Accounting Standards) - Essay Example How will Gale plc determine whether the building is an investment property or not? As per the presented information, it is hard to determine whether the building is an investment property. This is due to the fact that, according to the definition presented by IAS 40 in iasplus.com website, an investment property refers to such property that includes buildings and land or part of such that is either held by the legal owner or lessee for the purpose of earning rentals or for the reasons of achieving appreciation of capital or even both. Examples of such property are with the inclusion of land that is held for the prospected use in indefinite future or for the purposes of its appreciation in value, a building being leased under the type of lease known as operating lease or even any given property that has been developed or constructed for future utilisation as an investment property. Therefore, owner occupied property that is being held for future disposal does not really fall under inv estment properties. (iasplu.com, 2011) (b) After initial recognition, describe the accounting treatment that should be adopted for a building in accordance with IAS16, assuming it is not an investment property? IAS 16, as Holt writes, deals with (PPE) Plant, Property and Equipment. The definition put across by IAS 16 with regards to Plant, Property and Equipment is any tangible type of asset which any given entity may hold for rental purposes or for own use and which the same entity expects to utilise for more than a period. This PPE could have been either constructed or bought by the reporting entity. Any item falling under PPE has to be recognised by the reporting entity as an asset. In case the future benefits as well as losses that are expected from the asset can be reasonably quantified, then the item of PPE should be taken in the books of the entity as an asset. PPE, in accordance to IAS 16, is originally recognised in the books at the cost of the item and this is the fair val ue of the price paid to obtain the asset. The costs that have been incurred in the process of having the asset in its condition of working should be capitalised as the IAS states. These cost outlays may be with the inclusion of architects’ fee in the case of a building. If applicable directly attributable types of overhead costs as well as borrowing costs should form part of the costs. During the stage of production, all earned revenues should form part of the incomes in the income statement as opposed to capitalising the same. Following the initial recognition of such an asset that falls under PPE, like in this case- a building, the given asset should be valued at cost minus any accumulated depreciation or at the amount of revaluation, which is the fair value of the asset minus depreciation. Note that in the case of fair value, such must be reliably measured. There should be subsequent revaluations with enough regularity to allow for the carrying amount to be in the whereabo uts of the fair value. Revaluation may bring about a surplus or a deficit and this, according to IAS 16 should be included in the retained earnings. In case of depreciation, the depreciable amount is to be allocated using a systematic way over the useful life of that asset, (in this case the building). (Holt, 2010) (c) After initial recognition, describe the accounting treatment that should be adopted for an investment property in the accounts according to IAS 40? In the process of accounting for property, be it buildings, land or parts of buildings, is to classify such in accordance to IAS 40. If such assets are for capital appreciation or rental purposes as opposed to supply or production of commodities, not intended for disposal or for administration then these should be reclassified from Property, Plant and Equipment to property for investment if such is deemed essential. (Wittsiepe, 2008 p133) An investment property shall be accounted for in the accounts as an asset only under the situation that; there can a reasonable way to

With reference to schizophrenia, how effective is the DSM-IV-TR as a Essay

With reference to schizophrenia, how effective is the DSM-IV-TR as a diagnostic tool - Essay Example Unfortunately, there are no laboratory tests that can diagnose this problem and distinguish from other such problems such as bipolar disorder. For this purpose the American Psychiatric Associations have formulated a manual that can be used by a physician for diagnosis to assess their emotional past and current symptoms. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) is the manual used to diagnose mental illnesses. It was first published in the year 1952 by the American Psychiatric Association. This manual has been revised several times, and presently the latest version is referred to as the DSM-IV. The general content of the manual is a list of clinical entities that have been built up and defined by psychiatrists, psychologists and doctors. In fact these people have gathered together to bring out the lists of criteria especially the common signs and symptoms that need to be present for a particular diagnosis to be assigned. This manual uses a multi-axial system of classification. In other words diagnoses of mental illness are made on several different axes or dimensions (Wikibooks, 2008). Diagnosing schizophrenia is hard since there is no single symptom which is exclusive to schizophrenia and there are no perfect tests for the disorder. There are two major systems presently used for the diagnosis of schizophrenia, the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders and the International Classification of Disease. In general, the diagnosis of any kind of psychological disorder requires evaluation by a trained mental-health professional. This in general is carried out through a systematic interview. Administration of array of personality tests that can even include in some cases, neuropsychological tests, and gathering of background information about the

Ethical consumerism Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Ethical consumerism - Coursework Example This report describes various meaning of consumerism and describes various approaches adopted by Cooperative group of companies in carrying out its social activities. The report concludes by providing the gap that exist the current study of consumerism. Ethical consumerism (also known as ethical purchasing, ethical consumption, ethical sourcing or ethical shopping) is a type of consumer activism that is based on dollar voting. This concept is practiced through positive buying where ethical products are given first priority. Ethical consumerism was first popularized by a UK magazine published in 1989 so as to produce rating tables which was inspired by criteria-based approach of the ethical investments movement. Ethical consumerism also means that several customers are willing to buy ethically sourced goods that are ethically made and distributed. On the other hand, an ethical consumer is someone who buys things that are ethically produced. Depending on the context used, ethical production means producing a product that is recycled, use of labor that is produced in facilities without using child labor and slavery, or producing food that is free range or organic raised. Therefore the whole idea of ethical consumerism movement is that you know what you are purchasing and that you buy products that are ethically produced since not knowing results to abuse and exploitation. Consumerism is used by other stakeholders as a tool for social change, basing on the theory that organizations make decisions basing on consumer demand. This idea is evidently limited by the massive power of large organizations which influence, if not create, consumer demand through branding and advertisement. Nevertheless, consumer power may be utilized to ensuring that companies are made accountable to the society; where common citizens in their consumer role can make companies to be accountable. Some authors (Ayglon 2009) regard consumerism as a tool for social change while others (Lang & Tahc

Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Report - Essay Example The essence of this system of accounting for Non Current assets is that; eventually, these assets have to be replaced and hence the best estimate for the company to use as the replacement cost of wearing away is depreciation. Accounting in the Income Statement Although IFRS has clearly spelt out that costs should be â€Å"capitalized as part of the cost of the asset if future economic benefits are probable and can be reliably measured† (Ernst &Young, 2009, p. 7), the model has not clearly specified clearly, how the units of account, used in long-term assets, should be determined. As such, the determination of a unit of account is based on the discretion of the management, who consider both the asset’s materiality and the intended use in order to fix the appropriate units. In respective of this view, the ‘minor spare parts’ should be considered less material and, therefore, treated as expenses under the Income Statement. The entire ? 5,700 should be accounte d for under this category. The other two categories of costs, including service contract (W4) and depreciation (W2), should be accounted for in the Income Statement since they are expensed. ... or the year ending 30 December 2012 is a sum of the depreciation before the review, of ?30,000 (W5.1) and the depreciation after the review, of ?52, 500 (W5.3). The essence of these calculations, in the context of a change in the original estimate of asset life, is that â€Å" the unamortised depreciable amount of the asset is charged to revenue over the revised remaining useful life.† (Accounting Standard [AS] 6, p. 5). Building X Accounting in the Income Statement Under IFRS (IAS 16), building X is treated as Property Plant and Equipment (PP&E) since it is held for the production of goods and services and it is a Non Current asset. An item under this category is measured at its cost less accumulated depreciation. Alternatively, an entity is at liberty to use revaluation model, considering the asset was revalued. In this respect, a depreciation of ?20,000, ?20,000 and ?40,000 will be accounted for in the Income Statement for the years ending 31 December 2010, 2011, and 2012 r espectively. In addition, the gain on revaluation will be reflected on the Income Statement at ? 1,620,000 (W 8.2). Accounting in the Balance Sheet Following revaluations at 31 December 2011 and 31 December 2012, for ?2 million and ?2.5 million respectively; the value of the cost that will appear in the Balance Sheet is ?1 million, ?1 million, ?2 million and ?2.5 million for the years ending 31 December 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 respectively (W 8.1). The respective accumulated depreciations for the years ending 31 December 2010, 2011, and 2012 will be ?60,000, ?80,000 and ?40,000 respectively. Therefore, the cost after revaluation, which will be accounted for the years ending 31 December 2011, 2012 and 2013 will be ?1,000,000, ?20,000 and ?2,500,000 respectively, all treated under Non Current

Philosophy of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Philosophy of education - Essay Example Aristotle strongly believed that education has a potential to make a person live a happy life as it is through education that he learns to acquire, develop and evolve different virtues in life. Hence, he was of opinion that schooling should be provided publicly and should follow one method for all people in the society. Moreover, Aristotle’s belief that only that person who has better judgment, thoughtful observation and purpose in life is the happiest person, is true to a great extent as these are the qualities that helps in flowering human being’s personality and making him achieve his highest potential. Hence, it is extremely important to consider education as a pillar of human happiness and not just a means of gaining a ‘qualification’. However, Aristotle’s belief that education should be ‘one and the same for all’ is not applicable in today’s time. Science has evolved and developed to a great extend and has proved that different children have different intelligences and hence, need to be taught in different ways. I believe in this theory and would like to integrate it in future, if I get an opportunity to become a teacher. I aim to become a teacher and make learning in schools a joyful and fulfilling experience for children, as it was made for me by my teachers. I was fortunate to have inspirational and encouraging teachers in school. I loved going to school and enjoyed learning from my teachers. They have inspired me to aim for becoming an excellent teacher and contribute in building a strong educational foundation for children. While exploring different studies in the field of educational psychology, I came across some interesting ideas in articles by John Staddon and David Geary. John Staddon has pointed out that application of Skinner’s methods of ‘positive reinforcement’ and ‘operant behavior conditioning’ to the field of education, is not good for development of children. This is because the method of ‘operant behavior

Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Business Strategy - Essay Example Offering customers guaranteed settlement of prices , reduction in cost for home buyers and sellers. The operations of First American Title are limited to United States. The main operations of First American title include provision of quality service to the customers, top class products of title insurance and title insurance rates lower than many others. First American Title reached heights of success throughout America. Every third transaction of real estate in America is closed by First American Title. The services are so widespread throughout the country that the usage of First American Title services and products have become necessary so much that out of every ten transactions the ninth one involve First American title. As the guidelines mentioned in cooperate governance effect how the board of directors act and make decision regarding the overseas operation of American First hence it is quite clear that cooperate governance plays a vital role in Strategic decision making. All decisions even strategic shall be made under the guidelines of cooperate governance. Formation of committees, expansions etc. all are governed by a framework of principles and the cooperation is bound to follow it. In any case if these are violated then serious action will be taken which can include firing and in extreme case legal action against the employee aswell. Employee are bound by code of ethics formed by the American First and they are bound to follows the codes mentioned. After spreading operations to over 70 countries across the globe First American has maintained a reputable name in providing Title insurances. Realizing that opinions and attitude towards insurance services differ in every country a unique strategy was adapted by First American cooperation. A customer centric approach was given preference while conducting business activities. Through this approach a partnership with customer is formed and the customer values our company with his

Early Childhood Trauma Lives on in Adulthood Essay Example for Free

Early Childhood Trauma Lives on in Adulthood Essay Abused children eventually become problem adults who are a burden to society. Recent studies reveal the significance of parenting in the cross-generational transmission of aggressive or problem behavior up to three continuous generations. Stable evidence has long recognized and documented the negative effects of aggressive or harsh and inconsistent parenting and identified the need for interventions that would foster better parenting skills. These new findings provide the direct link between the incidence of child abuse and the emergence of problem behavior later in life. Child abuse may be physical, emotional, sexual or through neglect. Child Protective agencies received and investigated three million reports of maltreatment of close to four million children in 1999, 54% of which were due to neglect. But because most of the victims were too young and too afraid to speak out, these agencies believed that the actual incidence was greater than reported. While it occurred in all social, ethnic and income groups, child abuse was most common among poor, under-educated and dysfunctional families and committed mostly by parents themselves who were young, unmarried or separated, lonely and coping with life’s stresses but not criminal or psychotic. Un-addressed incidence of child abuse increases the risk of criminality, academic failure and failed social relationships in later life. Present literature presents conclusive findings that parent-toddler relationship directly affects the toddler’s problem behavior, with deviant or aggressive maternal behavioral attitudes crossing and spanning three continuous generations from grandmother to the child . A study offers significant evidence that angry, aggressive parenting strongly influences the development of aggressive behavior in adolescence through social learning and often results in unsatisfactory romantic and marital relationships and conditions. Findings also show that financial distress and improper parenting produce problem behavior n children and that poor or injurious maternal attitudes lead to it. Antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults is also seen as the consequence of birth complications and certain biological factors when combined with a negative home atmosphere. Family relationships strongly affect a child’s self-esteem and the impact often remains through life. Collusion among siblings also contributed to the development of faulty behavior in children who were abused at home. Boys were more affected by peer rejection and girls, by low academic performance Abused preschoolers often came from low-income families and exhibited at least one antisocial behavior each day in class. Most of these children were African-American who suffered from guilt and self-blame but most mothers of both problem and non-problem children viewed their children in similar ways . Popular myths conduce to wrong beliefs and must be guided by scientific knowledge. And despite much knowledge and effort, there remains the need for consistent and thorough mechanisms that will confront the issue and arrest the causes or conditions in preschool age right at the family and in the community. Subjects and participants in the studies included parents of children with problem behavior, adolescent parents, grandmothers of problem children, other family members with a target child at high risk for sibling collusion, mothers of non-problem children, respondents to 39 studies of biosocial interactions, demographic sub-groups (such as African-Americans) and normative samples of preschoolers exhibiting antisocial behavior. Child mistreatment or abuse can be physical, emotional, sexual or in the form of neglect. Neglect was the most common type and the perpetrators were mostly parents who themselves were abused as children. Irritable and aggressive parenting led children to grow up into unstable, under-controlled adolescents and adults with troubled relationships, families and parenting in later life. This type of parenting passed from the first to the third generations through the behaviors of the children who learned and engendered them mainly from their mothers’ own behaviors. This antisocial behavior that began from home increased the risk of criminality, academic failure and social relationship problems. Financial stress had a strong impact on parenting quality that transmitted antisocial behavior from generation to generation Four studies directly showed and reinforced earlier findings of this intergeneration transmission, demonstrated by preschoolers at least once daily in class. These preschoolers came mostly from low-income families, most boys influenced by peer rejection and most girls, by low academic performance. Sibling collusion and biosocial factors aggravated and reinforced the formation of antisocial behavior from children who were abused. Mistreated African-American children experienced more guilt and self-blame than Caucasian children. Common beliefs about children’s misbehavior also clashed with scientific knowledge. All conditions pointed to the need for adequate mechanisms of early intervention that would consistently and thoroughly address the problem or question at the crucial preschool age of children . Child abuse is the physical, sexual, emotional mistreatment or neglect of a child. About half of all cases of child abuse involve neglect, committed most often by the child’s own parents, other family members and caretakers, such as teachers, babysitters, other children or even strangers. Once viewed as a minor social problem, child abuse caught closer notice from the media, law enforcers and professionals and, since then, figures began to go up. But authorities claimed that actual figures could only be higher than these, because abuses on children were more often hidden and the victims were too young and too afraid to report the crime. Child protective agencies investigated three million reports on the mistreatment of nearly four million children in 1999 and found that 54% of these were cases of neglect. They also discovered that a child was often a victim of more than one form of abuse, that it occurred more in low-income than high-income families with little education, among young mothers, single-parent families and in families where the parents were alcohol or drug-dependent. Investigations revealed that 90% of these parents, however, were neither criminal nor mentally unstable, but were lonely, young, single parents with unwanted pregnancies. Some or many of them were themselves abused as children, but statistics show that most abused children did not grow up to become abusive parents. Behavioral experts pointed to the lack of parenting skills, unrealistic expectations of children’s behavior and capabilities, social isolation and family conflicts as additional factors that contribute to child abuse, which they perceived as the parents’ coping response to their situation. The agencies’ 1999 investigations showed that 75% of perpetrators were the parents themselves and those involved in the care of these children. Physical abuse is the deliberate bodily injury on a child, most often a male (Black 2004). Earlier studies showed that 24% of all confirmed cases of child abuse were physical. The abuse is sexual if the child has not yet attained the age of legal consent and the abuse is performed for the sexual gratification of the abuser. The act may include sexual touching, intercourse, exposure of sexual organs or viewing pornography. In many sexual child abuse cases, the abuser was not a stranger or related to the child and one in five was under the age of legal consent himself or herself (Black). Reports also said that 20-25% of the cases were female and 10-15% were male who were sexually violated by age 18 (Black). Emotional abuse, on the other hand, consists of acts of rejection, ignoring, criticizing, isolation, or terrorizing of a child, which results in his or her loss of self-esteem. These are verbal assaults, which reject, belittle or use a child as a â€Å"scapegoat. † Emotional abuse is the least reported because it often accompanies the other types and the hardest to prove And neglect is the failure to provide for the child’s basic needs, whether physical, emotional or the lack of sustenance. Neglect accounted for 52% of all investigated reports of child abuse in 1996. Abusive parents physically afflict their child when they lose control even for normal actions like crying or a change in diapers. Non-abusive parents may at times get angry or upset, but remain genuinely loving, in contrast with abusive parents who harbor deep-seated hostility towards the child. Physical abuse can be suspected with the common signs, such as burns, bruises, bone or skull fractures. Death from physical abuse, such as the shaken baby syndrome, was among the leading causes for children less than a year old. Studies revealed that physical abuse changed children’s behavior in many ways. Psychological experts maintained that sexual abuse constituted sexual arousal in a child and the child’s willingness to act on it, conditioned by alcohol, drugs or the misconception that there was nothing wrong about the act. There were greater chances of sexual abuse if the child was developmentally disabled or vulnerable some way. This type of abuse was often discovered when genital or anal injuries or abnormalities, including the presence of sexually transmitted disease, were noticed in a child. Behavioral signs included anxiety, poor school performance, suicidal tendencies or attempts, excessive masturbation and an unusually sexualized behavior often gave sexual abuse away. Emotional abuse was often detected with the loss of self-esteem, sleep disturbance, headache or stomach ache, school absenteeism and leaving home. Neglect develops from a parent’s negative feeling towards a child or the parent may truly care but is unable to provide for the child’s needs because of the parent’s depression, drug dependence, mental handicap or other problems. Findings said that neglected children did not receive sufficient nourishment or emotional and mental stimulation and this lack hampered their normal physical, social, emotional and mental development. Underweight, delayed language skills and emotional instability were among the consequences. Doctors, social workers, other professionals, child welfare agencies and the police conducted physical and psychological examinations and interviews of abused children. Reporting to the authorities, treating the child’s injuries and protecting him or her from further harm were primary measures in child abuse cases. These authorities could then evaluate if moving the child to another willing and qualified relative or a foster family would be in the best interests of the child, whether long or short-term Further investigation could reveal that the child’s siblings were abuse victims themselves, as reports found that about 20% of siblings were child abuse victims themselves. These children wre observed to perform poorly in school, develop antisocial personality or behavior, or turn to drugs or alcohol, try suicide or become emotionally unstable in adulthood. Parents’ mistreatment or abuse of their own children leads these children to form antisocial or problem behavior as adolescents and as adults. Previous and recent studies presented substantial evidence that angry, abusive and aggressive parental behavior spill over to these children up to three generations through social learning. These behaviors, therefore, directly influence the different social behaviors and relationships of their children in adolescence and adulthood. Parents’ anger, hostility or emotional support essentially determines if a child will be a supportive or rejecting adolescent. Hostility towards parents and an adolescent conclusively predicts problematic romantic and family relationships later in his or her life. These latter studies also demonstrated that parenting in the first generation directly affected the bond between parents and child, one of the most important human bonds in life. This study offered evidence of intergenerational continuity wherein aggression in youth is often followed by aggressive parenting. That kind of parenting, in turn, appears to contribution to aggression in children. This particular study expounded on the utter significance of parenting in the intergenerational transmission of antisocial or problem behavior. It also explained how normative approval of aggression, aggressive fantasies and verbal aggression maintain aggressive behavior through time. Still another study focused on the transmission of problem behavior from parents to toddlers, its appearance in preschool and how it affects academic performance. It found that the characteristics of parent-child relationships tended to continue or replicate themselves across generations. It showed that a grandmother or mother who was cold or dissatisfied exercised inappropriate control, which was characterized by conflict. This behavior model was copied by adolescent children who repeated it towards their own. The study added that the kind of behavior the grandmother towards the parent increased the probability of impulsiveness, rebelliousness, irresponsibility and other psychological problems in adolescent and the eventual parent-child relationship. This last study likewise explained how hostile maternal behaviors go through a cycle of intergenerational continuity. It suggested that aspects of parent-child relationships passed from generation to generation. They, thus, served as direct models of behavior and indirectly influenced the development of personality traits, which characterized the relationship. Parent-child relationship was an important mediator between the parents’ characteristics and those of the child. The study suggested that reducing the risk of transmission in the first two generations would reduce the risk between the next two. The search for the connection between early childhood trauma or child abuse and the development of problem behavior later in life brought to light significant evidence of social and biological processes, which appeared to predispose children to antisocial behavior. This included of birth complications, a negative home environment of violence, hormones, neurotransmitters, toxins and drugs as having an impact on the development of problem behavior when the home environment or relationship reinforced their biologic effect. Still another study examined the level of intergenerational transmission and how financial distress and the parenting style affected the transmission. From interrogations and observations, it found that antisocial behavior of both parents had similar impact on their children and that parents who were more consistent and warm had lower development levels of antisocial behavior in their children. Fathers’ antisocial behaviors and mothers’ parenting had the strongest effects on children’s latter development of problem behavior and improper parenting style. Parallel studies discovered that preschoolers from economically disadvantaged families had a higher risk of developing antisocial behavior. The studies on preschool respondents said that 30% of those with misbehavior belonged to lower economic classes as compared to only 3% to 6% in higher economic classes. The preschoolers from lower economic classes also tended to develop lower or slower language ability levels and poorer social skills. They also developed bad temper and temperament, which would become worse when their families confronted financial stressors and limited resources. # BIBLIOGRAPHY Black, B. (2004). Child abuse. 4 pages. Encyclopedia of Nursing and Allied Health: Thomas Gale Brook, J. S. , Whiteman, M. , Zheng, L. (2002). Intergenerational transmission of risks for problem behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: Plenum Publishing Corporation Conger, R. D. , Neppi, T. , Kim, K. J. and Scaramilla, L. (2003). 20 pages. Angry and aggressive behavior across three generations: a prospective longitudinal study of parents and children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Plenum Publishing Corporation Dubow, E. F. (2003). Theoretical and methodical considerations in cross- generational research on parenting and child aggressive behavior. 10 pages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Plenum Publishing Corporation. Fiorello, C. A. (2001). Common myths of children’s behavior. 4 pages. Skeptical Inquirer: Committee for the Scientific Investigation of Claims of the Paranormal Fox, L. (2002). Early intervention, positive behavior support, and transition to school. 31 pages. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders. Pro-Ed, Inc. Lewin, L, Davis, B. and Hops, H. (999). Childhood social predictors of adolescent antisocial behavior: gender differences in predictive accuracy and efficacy. 20 pages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. Plenum Publishing Corporation. Qi, C. H and Kaiser, A. (2003). Behavior problems of preschool children from low-income families. 82 pages. Topics in Early Childhood Special Education: Pro-Ed, Inc Raine, A. (2002). Biosocial studies of antisocial and violent behavior in children and adults. 20 pages. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology: Plenum Publishing Corpora

Reviewing The Psychological Effects Of Teenage Pregnancy Psychology Essay

Reviewing The Psychological Effects Of Teenage Pregnancy Psychology Essay On my journey to find a piece of art for my term paper, I was excited because this was the first time I had gone to the Museum of Modern Art (MOMA) and I felt it was going to be a experience to last a lifetime. I wanted to pick a painting that was attractive but rather in depth. As I walked through MOMA, I had seen several paintings that I can choose but I decided to check one more floor and came across, Girl before a Mirror illustrated by Pablo Picasso (1932). This piece of art was rather fascinating and interesting due to the image of a young pregnant woman possibly viewing herself from past to future. After this, many ideas came to mind, such as the problem we have with teenage pregnancy and how pregnancy can affect a sense of identity, self-esteem, social relationship and education To me, Girl before a Mirror painted in the year 1932, shows a young pregnant girl confronting herself in a mirror. As the girl looks in the mirror one can see both her as a young pregnant girl and as a mature woman who will be soon transforming into a mother. This clearly symbolizes moments of sacrificing the image of one self, which may cause a significant loss of a sense of identity. On the left side of the mirror, there is a reflection of a young girl who is confused and worried. Her face is youthful looking, eyes round and narrow, and her pregnant body is developing rapidly. On the right side of the mirror, one can see a supernatural x-ray of the girls soul, her future, and her fate. Her face appears darkened, eyes round and hollow, and her pregnant body is twisted, as she looks older and more anxious. Pablo Picasso was born in Marlage, in the Southern Spain, on October 25, 1881.Was Pablo Picasso a famous painter? Yes, A naturally gifted draftsman, Born into an artistic family it is said that Pablo could draw before he could talk. (Mason, P.5) Picasso father was a painter and art teacher who taught and encouraged him. Picasso an attractive and unpredictable artist mastered realist early in his life, then moved to classical paintings and on to abstract painting. Impressionism was a name given to a group of artist including Picasso as he tried to evoke a scene by using quick brushstrokes. This was the breaking up of colors into bright dots. In fact, Picasso interest only included what the emotions of a painting would convey. Even though, he died on April 8, 1973, Picasso was one of few artists to be appreciated and celebrated during his lifetime. Girl before a Mirror, a masterpiece of color and design indicated Picasso was also capable of succeeding Surrealist. Surrealist included work that was inspired by dreams and imagination. The interest was realm of fantasy rather than reality. Picasso posed a golden-haired young woman, which is a portrait of his new love, the twenty-year-old Marie- Therese. She considers her reflection, a dark distorted and altogether sinister. The Byzantine richness of the patterned background and the continuous moving lines of the ovoid shapes reinforced a modern revival of the ancient; however, the exact meaning of the painting remains enigmatic. (Jacobus Wheler, P.300) Using this as my inspiration, I decided to examine the factors involved in teenage pregnancy, especially some of the psychological factors implicated in becoming pregnant at an early age. Furthermore, I will attempt to identify issues related to self-esteem, identity, and self-worth among young mothers and how these factors play a r ole in their psychological adjustments to motherhood. Teenage pregnancy is very common all over the world but, the United States have the highest pregnancy and births among adolescents. (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.153) Teenagers who reside in communities with higher rates of poverty and raised in poverty by single parents are more prone to teenage parenthood. There are also large differences among teenagers of different racial and ethnic groups. According to literature review done by Coley and Lansdale, (1998), studies show that white teens have lower rates of teenage births than Hispanics and African Americans (P.152). As more African Americans become more upwardly mobile, the rates of teenage pregnancy appear to decline. For example, in the last two decades, the rates of teenage pregnancy among African Americans have decreased, while the rates among Latino populations have increased. Pregnancy is a major life transition requiring changes, challenges, and adaptation of many kinds. According to researchers, parenthood continuous demands and responsibilities leaves little or no time for most teen concern; such as, peer relations, dating, academics and career choices. (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.155) F or instance, the image of the young girl in Girl before a Mirror expresses the psychological effect of teenage pregnancy, which is the loss of identity resulting in the consequences of developing low self-esteem. Sense of Identity Identity refers to the sense of ones self or a unique character over a period of time. A strong sense of self is dependent on early relationships, gender differences and support that allow adolescents to develop their own unique identity. The teenage years can be full of turmoil and changes that can have a detrimental affect on girls. According to the literature review done by Coley Lansdale, (1998) studies show that teenagers faced with setting and determining their sense of identity on their own while learning independence from their parents(P.155). This simply indicates that while learning to cope with changes, they must also be concerned with self-image. At this stage many teenagers try to find out: (1) who they are; (2) what they are about, their interest and personalities; and (3) where they are going, in order to discover their place in life. Negative thoughts about ones body can interfere with the development of other attributes. As one look at the young girl portrayed in th e painting, one can notice her pregnant body appearing twisted, perhaps reflecting some elements of her identity being threatened. The dramatic physical changes that happen during teenage pregnancy- such as, weight gain, breast enlargement and swollen of the body, generally makes a pregnant teen feel anything but, at home in ones body. Body image is a prime concern during adolescent years and is only part of a persons identity. In most cases the lack of physical attractiveness affects social relationships and the way one perceive oneself innermost , ones sincerity, intelligence and personality. Adolescents are also confronted with career choices, romantic entanglements and responsibilities that are new experiences in which they make decisions or adjustments to attain their own identity or success. Meanwhile, they are entering a new phase of role requirements creating a turning point of new directions for changes and adaptations; such as the plan to have a baby, pregnancy, childbirth , and care for the baby. According to researchers, earlier findings show that parenting is one of the womans key development tasks and considered to be an important part of an individual current and expected future identities. (Aro, Nurmi, Halmesmaki, 2000 P.180) In other words, because humans are essentially social beings, we are most concerned about how we fit in and measure up. Self- Esteem Low self-esteem among young mothers lead to many problems while they suffer from lack of confidence and hopelessness. Self- esteem refers to self-worth, self-respect, and how one regards or feels about one self. Simply, its ones feeling about various convictions of one self as a capable, competent person who have worth. A feeling of worth means having self-respect, which comes as a result of living up to ones own standard of values. Its how much one value oneself, how important one thinks he or she is, how one see one self and how one feel about ones accomplishments. The symptoms of low self -esteem vary for every teen. Some teens may feel constant tiredness, melancholy, sleep problems and lack of concentration. These symptoms if not noticed can lead to acute depression or various emotional and physical disorders. In fact, most teenage girls who are pregnant find it hard to face reality; that they are worthy and an important person who deserves to feel good every day in their lives a nd one of the factors which maybe keeping them from enjoying the gift of becoming a mother is their self-confidence and self-respect. Social Relationship During adolescents, relationships are very important and they need to be provided with supportive roles. According to researchers, partners may also be at risk for interpersonal problems while experiencing psychological problems connected to adolescent pregnancy. (Moore and Florsheim, 2001, P.101) This emphasizes that expectant adolescent may experience inter-personal difficulties between motherhood and their partners. The interpersonal and social functioning is important simply because parenting is fundamentally a social process. The emotional adjustment to losing a chapter in life can be difficult to make. Among young mothers who desperately want to be a mom will have to adapt to the change in their social relationship. Most parents would have to give up going to parties and dreaming about their futures. Indeed, once these opportunities are missed, they maybe gone for good. This includes having no free time to see friends. It is important to study expectant adolescent couples preci sely because their relationships appear to be at high risk for dysfunction and dissolution which indicates that many teenage mothers and their partners break right up before or shortly after giving birth. (Moore Florsheim, 2001, P.102) One of the reasons for this maybe young mothers are faced with the loss of social relationship while missing out on childhood and arduous and engaging in tedious unpleasant responsibilities of parenthood. Motherhood put tremendous demand upon the time, energy, emotions, and demands on teens, for which they are not prepared. Surely, early parent hood is a response to limited social interactions and relationships, in those who choose to have children at a relatively young age. To sum up, young adolescents continue to exhibit deficits in social relationship disturbances. Education Career Choice Early parenthood also has an effect on adolescents education. The young mothers are forced to discontinue education after birth. This significantly decreases the individual chances for obtaining a general equivalency diploma (GED). According to researchers, studies have shown that if teenage mothers stay in school, they are almost likely to graduate from high school (73%) as their non-parent peers (77%). (Coley Lansdale, P.155, 1998) However, a GED may result in a lower return of future earnings than future earnings with a high-school diploma. The young mothers who lack education are limited to a handful of career choices since jobs require at least a high-school diploma or some college experience. On the other hand, dropping out of high- school is a strong risk factor for early pregnancy and few will return back to school and possibly graduating. This problem causes a concern to the mother as well as the developing baby because of limitations of education and limitations of income. The consequences of education attainment direct a major concern of poverty. Those families with childhood poverty are likely to receive welfare funding during their life course. Overall, 53% of welfare funding is spent on families formed by teenage birth (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.153). This brings us back to the young girl who is who is more likely to face education attainment and poverty as a result of pregnancy. According to researchers, the perceived cost of early motherhood is from life experiences linked to poverty including isolation of school, unemployment and unmarried parenthood and lack of education and career opportunities. (Coley Lansdale, 1998, P.153) Conclusion Teenage pregnancy is a problem that continuously occurs in the United States and other countries, despite the pregnancy reduction programs that are available. In fact, among the teenagers who become parents; also, lack knowledge of the consequences that may occur from their irresponsible sexual behavior. However, Pablo Picasso; painting Girl before a Mirror (1932) was very inspiring for me to learn more about the social, psychological, and economic factors involved in getting pregnant. Economics play an important role in teenage pregnancy and is a major concern. Mainly poor income and education leave an individual at risk of remaining in poverty. The social factors that contribute include social relationships as well as peer relationships that may be dysfunctional with the chance of ending before and after birth. In the meanwhile, studies clearly suggest that pregnancy fully requires a psychological adaptation on the physical and mental health which appears to influence the health of the developing baby. On the other hand, it is not only one factor that is responsible for the reason why many teenagers are pregnant and becoming pregnant. I believe that more research should be dedicated to what can be used to stop teenage pregnancy and information about some programs that have been tried out and examined for its effectiveness. There is also a need to encourage the use of contraceptions so that many teenagers wont contract H.I.V, A.I.D.S, and sexual transmitted diseases.

The Views of Native Americans and Europeans Essay -- Compare Contrast

The Views of Native Americans and Europeans During the 16th and 17th centuries, when the Europeans started to come over to the new world, they discovered a society of Indians that was strikingly different to their own. To understand how different, one must first compare and contrast some of the very important differences between them, such as how the Europeans considered the Indians to be extremely primitive and basic, while, considering themselves civilized. The Europeans considered that they were model societies, and they thought that the Indians society and culture should be changed to be very similar to their own.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Europeans and the Indians had very contrasting ideas of personal wealth and ownership. The Europeans believed that only the rich should own land, and strongly followed the practice that when you passed away, the land stays in the family to keep the family honor and pride alive. In European society, what one owned decided one's identity, political standpoint, wealth, and even independence. The Indians believed that property was part of a tribe, not a personal possession to own. One of their beliefs was that the land was sacred, and each family should have a piece of the whole. As a general rule, the Indians followed their belief that states that everything on the earth is given to all, and each person deserves their own share. In 1657, a French Jesuit said that, "Their kindness, humanity and courtesy not only makes them liberal with what they ha...

Hydrofoils and How They Work :: Hydrofoil Physics Boat Boating Watercraft

What is a hydrofoil? A hydrofoil is a watercraft that is supported on ski-like pontoons while in motion, with the bulk of the hull remaining entirely above the water (Encarta Encyclopedia 2002). Hydrofoils were first seen about in 1869. Emmanuel Denis Farcot was issued a patent on a boat that he had developed to go faster through the water because of less resistance. If you look at his design, he was using many little foils along the side of his boat to lift it out of the water in order to reduce the drag on the hull of the boat. Hydrofoils are not only used on boats. Guidoni and Croco took the idea of hydrofoils and put then on seaplanes. Their main reason for puting foils on the plane was to make the landings smoother and to make takeoffs much quicker. The plane can get out of the water much faster with foils because there is less drag inhibiting the plane from gaining speed to get airborn. This is useful when taking off of short lakes or in rough water. There are many purposes for hydrofoils. The main reason people or buisnesses install hydrofoils onto their watercraft is to decrease the drag of the boat as it travels through the water. By decreasing the drag, the watercraft is able to travel at higher speeds while burning less fuel. This makes use of the watercraft much more economical and provides a smoother, more comfortable ride because the watercraft rides above the reach of most of the waves. Another reason to use hydrofoils is because they are fun. The picture below shows a water ski that has been transformed into something that you sit on with your feet in front of you while you are "floating on air" behind a ski boat. When used on sail boats, hydrofoils can increase the top speed by quite a bit. Once the hull of the sail boat is out the the water the drag from the water is much less. Simply explained, there is less surface area "rubbing" on the water to slow the boat down. This means that even with gentle winds, a small boat can really get moving. Most hydrofoils lift the watercraft that they are supporting in the same way that airplane wings keep the plane supported in the air. With enough lift on the water foils, the hull of the watercraft is lifted out of the water.

Independence day Essay

Today we all have gathered here to be witnesses to our 67 prosperous years of Independence. A day so special in the history of India that wouldn’t fail to remind us of the heroic deeds of not just our freedom fighters but the citizens of India. On the eve of Independence our 1st Prime Minister Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru rose to make a speech on Independence Day, â€Å" When the world sleeps, India will wake to life and freedom.† My dear friends , we are the fortunate ones to be able to breathe this air of freedom since the day we were born. Fortunate enough not to go through the hardships and ignominy of slavery under foreign rule. It was indeed a Herculean task to overthrow the powerful giants, the British rulers from the land of our ancestors ,the despotic power that motivated us to fight as one . So my dear friends let not the reminiscence of those scars fade away but may continue to bind us . Today we remember the great leaders who gave their lives for India’s f reedom. Dr.B. R . Ambedkar gave us the longest thoughtful written constitution . Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru laboured for an Industrialized India . Gandhi ji taught us Ahimsa . Subhash Chandra Bose induced courage in us. Swami Vivekanand gave us spiritual power and there are many more who continue to inspire us even today. In these past 67 years India has witnessed different realms of success . India took immense pride when we emerged out as the world’s largest democracy, when India bagged the 5th position among 71 nations in the recent Glasgow games, when UNESCO declared our National Anthem as the best anthem and declared six forts of Rajasthan as the world heritage sites. When India was declared to head the BRICS 100 billion dollar New Development Bank for six years, when the WHO declared to grant India a certificate for the eradication of Polio. When a survey declared 36% scientists in NASA as Indians among the world’s top scientists and when ISRO’s PSLV-C21 was successfully launched on the 26th of July 2013. There are innumerable instances which continue to motivate us to think highly of our motherland but there too exists a dark side which should not be overlooked. The freedom for which our freedom fighters fought is still incomplete because there still exists in India a India where caste distinctions still prevail ,which prevent people from enjoying their part in our independent India. Day after day increasing crimes against women put us to shame as they defame not just the victims but their motherland too. There were those golden times when people were selfless, but now people  have crossed heights of selfishness and greed where the life of woman is nothing in front of green currency in the form of dowry. The greed for wealth has increased so much so that people have started robbing their own country. There are people struggling against the bondage of illiteracy , there are places where the light from an electric bulb still remains a dream ,places where people still need to travel miles in search of water, places where the backwardness of superstitious thinking continue to take the lives of innocent people . There are many more cases which are opposing us in our walk towards complete independence and development. It is our duty as the sons and daughters of India to eradicate such insane social evils from our society and make it a better place to live in enjoying their rights to freedom and prosperity. My dear friends, in the end I’d just like to remind you that it’s a blessing to be free and freedom is a blessing. All we need is to keep in mind not to misuse this freedom of ours. With freedom comes responsibilities, with responsibilities come dependence on our brotherly bonds of oneness and when we tread this path of Unity, we attain complete Independence. Our country is a symbol of great diversity in every form and I wish that the feeling of oneness may continue to beat in every Indian heart in our movement the a glorious future.

Heaven Is for Real Essay

Sadness, happiness, excitement, joy, and astonishment are only but a few of the emotions you will endure while reading the book Heaven is for Real, the amazing story of a brave and eccentric little boy named Colton Burpo. In March of 2003, what seemed to be a seemingly typical family trip turned into a terrifying fight for Todd and Sonja Burpo’s little boy’s life. Even after months of injury and illness within the Burpo family, Colton’s incident tops them all. The strength of this little boy, even at the young age of only four, is truly inspirational. This book truly portrays the crazy days, weeks, months, and even years that follow the frightening experiences that this family had to go through. In February of 2003, the Burpo’s decide to take a family outing. The Butterfly Pavilion is their destination of choice, and the family couldn’t be any happier to get away. After Sonja’s miscarriage, Todd’s shatter leg, round of kidney stones, and hyperplasia; a vacation is precisely what they need. The Thursday before they’re to leave, however, Colton isn’t feeling well and had complained of a stomach ache. Their babysitter, Norma, calls Sonja at work to report a plunge in little Colton’s sickness. After a trip to the doctor, the Burpos find that the stomach flu is the cause of Colton’s poor health. They see the fun-filled trip slipping away as soon as it had come, and nobody in the household is content. But, by morning, Colton is up and feeling well again; the Burpo’s then set out on their adventure. They soon made it to the Crawl-A-See-Um right outside of Denver, and the kid’s stop to see the many tarantula exhibits. These draw Cassie and Colton Burpo in like magnets. The kids are easily amazed by the many eight-legged creatures, which shock the children with everything that they do. They soon see Rosie, the spider you can hold in exchange for a sticker. Cassie holds her, but Colton is afraid, so they make their way on through. After visiting the many aquariums, they make their way to the butterfly pavilion. They see a monarch fly by, enjoying the beauty of the beautiful orange creature. Sonja, remembering the kids want to swim, insists they leave. As they walk by Rosie, Todd asks Colton if he wants to try and hold Rosie. Colton is positive that this time, he will do it. He ventures up to Rosie, holds her, and gets a sticker. He leaves feeling triumphant as they leave. After swimming, the Burpos head to the Old Chicago Restraunt in Greeley to eat with Pastor Steve Wilson and his wife. While sitting around the large, round booth, they talk about their churches and enjoy Italian food. Todd and Sonja decide to visit Pastor Wilson’s church the next day, as Rebecca Wilson divides her time between the conversation and coloring with the kids. Colton’s eery quietness isn’t noticed throughout the dinner, until Colton makes a remark about his stomach again. They Burpos decide to cut the dinner short, after Colton and Cassie both decide they aren’t feeling well. Colton’s statement comes true, as he throws up all of that night. Soon the next day, they decide to take Colton to the hospital. â€Å"Could it be appendicitis? † Sonja asks the doctor, fearing for bad news. Colton squirms, afraid of the IV as any kid would be. He assures her that the blood test don’t show this, but they don’t know what has happened. As Colton’s health gets worse, Todd and Sonja worry for their son. Then the worst thing yet happened, the shadow of death. Todd sees it on Colton, and afterwards they decide to take Colton to the Great Plains Regional Medical Center. Calling ahead to let the doctor know, they set out towards the center. Todd and Sonja blame each other throughout the whole trip, but when they reach the center and the doctor has gone to lunch, they’re out of people and reasons to blame. Fifteen minutes later, the doctor comes in and looks over Colton. They perform a CT scan, and send the Burpos into a secluded waiting room. â€Å"I think this is it,† are the only words Sonja can muster out as she cradles Colton’s limp body. Five tiresomely long minutes later, a Radioligist comes out to let them know Colton has a ruptured appendix and needs emergency surgery. They wheel Colton away on a gurney, preparing him for his surgery. He thrashes, screaming for his dad, as they put the IV in his arm. Anger flashes in Todd’s eyes, realizing that he may have waited too long and might not see his son alive again. He rages at God, assuming he is going to take his son before he had the time to even live. After the surgery is over, Todd is asked to come back. All the fear and anger leaves his eyes, when he is told that his son is conscious and has been asking for him. Todd and Sonja are amazed at how much better their son feels, looks, and seems. They are told, seven days after checking into the hospital, that they can take their son home. After packing the mulititude of toys and clothes, they go to leave. The elevators are sliding shut, when they are told they cannot leave. New pockets of infection show in Colton’s CT scan, in his abdomen. Sonja, completely exasperated, has a breakdown. The church comes to pray with Colton shortly after, only praying for one simple thing: gas. They are told that if Colton passes gas, that it would be a good sign. Within an hour, the prayer was answered. Colton felt better the next morning, and doctors were shocked at this miracle. After what seemed like forever, Colton and the rest of the Burpo family can finally go home after this horrific event. After they go home, life seems to go back to normal. It wasn’t until four months after Colton’s surgery, on their Fourth of July trip, that they realize their son has witnessed something extraordinary. On their way, Todd jokingly asks Colton if he wants to go back to the hospital. The response he gets is far from what he expects, however. Colton proceeds to tell him that the hospital is where angels sang to him and he sat in Jesus’ lap. Todd and Sonja laugh it off, thinking Colton had imagined the whole thing. They continue to believe so, until he tells them exactly what they were soing, and where, during his surgery. He also offers more information, spread over the next years. Days, weeks, and months all came with new information. â€Å"Did you know that Jesus had a cousin? Jesus told me his cousin baptized him,† Colton informed his father one night. He tells his dad about a horse that he petted, God’s beautiful eyes and clothes, his crown, and God’s â€Å"markers,† nonchalantly one night, as if he were talking about what he ate for lunch. When Todd realizes that by â€Å"markers,† Colton means the nails in Jesus’ hands and feet, he knows that he can’t be making it up. Todd and Sonja are amazed at all the things he knows all of a sudden. The normal nights come often, but the talks about supernatural phenomenons become spaced out. Colton begins to talk about his Pop, who died before Colton was born. He also tells his dad that he knows that Jesus told him to be a pastor, and when he agreed, Jesus was very happy. He also told his mom that he knows he had another sister, but she died in her tummy. He tells her that she looks like Cassie and is dark headed, like Sonja. He also says that she didn’t have a name, because they hadn’t named her yet. When Sonja begins to freak out, Colton explains that she’s okay and that God adopted her. Colton also tells about God’s throne room, and makes one point in particular stand out: God loves the children! After Colby is born, they realize they have to hire a babysitter. They decide in a very mature for her age 8th grader, named Ali. All is well, until one night they come home to Ali crying. When Sonja asks her why, she says that Colton was crying and tells her why. Colton, after being put in bed, tells Ali that he misses his sister that died in mommy’s tummy. When he begins to cry, Ali holds him until he finally cries himself to sleep. This isn’t the only serious thing Colton says about Heaven. One night, while at home, he tells his dad that the angels have wings to fight off Satan. He tells him that there is going to be a battle, and that Todd will have to fight in it. He also tells that he sees the power God sends his dad during church, while he preaches. Todd and Sonja now believe Colton more and more by the passing day. 2007 is the first time that the Burpos told about Colton’s indifferent, to say the least, experience. Todd now found himself with more and more questions about Heaven and what his 4 year old saw. One woman, in tears, approaches and asks if Colton might have seen her stillborn baby in Heaven. He asks the woman that if she believes that God loves her as much as God loves him, and if he loves her living son as much as he loves his living son, then why wouldn’t he love her unborn child as much as his? At this moment, he knew that God had sent him the power to help that woman; the same power Colton had claimed to have seen God shoot down. Years have passed since Colton’s accident, but his story is and will be known for many more years to come. The amazing experiences that this family went through are truly touching, and this book portrays that beautifully. From cover to cover, it’s a book you will not want to put down. Colton’s story is amazing, and as the nurse once told Todd Burpo, â€Å"There has to be a God, because this is a miracle. †

Charles Dickens: A Biography

Charles Dickens one of the greatest authors of all time. Dickens wrote on the people of the Industrial Revolution and on truth and realism. Dickens wrote about every aspect of life and included all classes of society. Dickens used experiences from his own life and turned them into creativity for his novels and other writings. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest authors of English Literature because he wrote on the issues and problems that concerned the lives of the people around him. Charles Dickens was born in February 1812 in Portsmouth, England to a middle social class that influenced much of his work later in life (Smiley1). Charles Dickens used his imagination and his creations to make up things and put them in stories. Dickens envisioned people and the world in the city as a physical place. He saw human activity as a focus of interest and setting for a story (Nelson 28-29). Dickens literary career began by writing for Monthly Magazine and London Evening Chronicles when he wrote the Sketches of Boz (Gissing 7). Dickens also wrote Parliamentary debates and feature articles based on his experience and observations in the Parliament (Smiley 1). In his work Dickens largely reflected the political economic and social aspects of the society comprising of the poor, peasants, workers, landlords, the rich, and the state. Dickens wrote in the 19th century England that was characterized by oppressed poor masses with few rights. The society at this time had an oppressive bureaucracy whose machinations made the life for the poor almost unbearably, and Dickens provided information reflecting injustices of the system and the resulting exploitation of the poor. Through Dickens’ series of stories like Sketches of Boz and Pickwick Papers published on the Morning of Chronicles he made known the suffering of the poor using a quick wit and significant intuitiveness about their lives (Smiley 4). Dickens wrote fourteen novels in three years with eight of them having 875 pages (Nelson 25-29). Dickens concentrated on performing one of the most profound 19th century social commentaries denouncing poverty and social stratification using works such as Oliver Twist and Hard Times. Through his social commentaries Dickens brought up strong cases of poverty, crime, misfortunes of being poor, class stratifications, bleak economic systems, treatments of the poor, and condemnation of inconsiderable public institutions. In bringing out the snobbery of the aristocracy and the oppressive of the poor, Dickens used satire that served well to bring out indignities. Dickens used fancy and realism with a satirical overriding style that formed his style. Dickens used irony, which formed a significant part of bringing to light his arguments and showing his anger at oppression (Smiley 8). Dickens’ works were presented in weekly and monthly installments. They were affordable, accessible, and regular for all making his commentary more profound. Dickens in the 19th century was a writer who used novels, essays, and short stories to bring to light social injustices against the poor. Through his writings, he also reflected on the extent and impact of poverty on the society in the time period. Through his reflections Dickens presented powerful social and political views criticizing the rich and the state and arguing out the cause of the poor. Dickens political message was on the pressure, liberty, improvement and equality expressed as part of social reform and criticism. Dickens pointed out the flaws of greed for money and criticized the neglect of the poor such as through the book Oliver Twist that show the life of a poor boy, who from his birth suffers misfortunes and misery at the hands of the people only willing to use the poor as an means to end riches. In his political expression, Dickens shows his outrage at the leadership for allowing degradation and criticizes the Poor Laws that dedicated public charity (Smiley 14). In Oliver Twist, Dickens offers a biting social commentary focusing on victimization and abandonment (Smiley 14). In his illustrations he uses the concept of the workhouses found in all cities, where the poor are left to half starve (Dickens 6a). The focuses of the book Oliver Twist were showing the oppression of the poor and abuse of the poor children as perpetrated by the state. Dickens highly disapproved of how the state treats the poor and orphaned children, which he brings to light through institutional abuse. In Oliver Twist Dickens shows institutional failure and abuse by referring to the Parish running the warehouse in which Oliver was born and that approves he will be taken to an orphanage with very poor conditions with little food or hygiene and where children were taken for offending against the poor laws (Dickens 7a). Dickens disapproved of the work house policy such as Oliver was taken to when he turned 12, where the poor underwent emotional and physical abuse, and where children were liable to punishment even with out enough reason (Brennan and Norton pg. 504). Nevertheless, Dickens’ most profound political commentary was his disapproval of the new Poor Law of 1834 that came into effect to relieve the society of the burden of taking care of the poor and made poverty almost a crime (Fletcher 1). The law established the workhouse to house the poor seeking public assistance, although in there people suffered humiliation, stigma, emotional branding, and deprivation of both psychological and physical needs (Brennan and Norton pg. 504). The state imposed a deliberate inadequacy in the workhouses that made many option out to suffer on the streets to face public aid (Fletcher 3). In additional to institutional criticism, Dickens denounces that the goodness of the workhouses in instilling the value of working and denounces the Christian virtue of he middle class bureaucrats that subjected the poor to cruelty in the name of charity (Dickens 18 a). Dickens shows that the system has made the poor commodities for proving labor for the rich, the powerful and the state, and shows how the system has led to crime and prostitution as the poor try to escape the oppression (Fletcher 1). Unfortunately, the class of people that suffered most from the enactment of the Poor Laws and Workhouses were the children, the old, and the sick that were unable to fend for themselves on the streets (Fletcher 4). In addition to political sentiments, Dickens offers socialist ideologies by providing insight into social reforms, such as in the story â€Å"A Christmas Carol† that tells the story of Ebenezer Scrooge a misery old man who sees Christmas as an excuse for the poor to expect handouts and for the people to miss work. Through the character Scrooge, Dickens brings home the opinion that the rich in the Victorian 19th century society concentrated more on attaining and retaining wealth, characteristics of capitalism instead of helping the poor (Pike). In qualifying this opinion, Scrooge considers it sufficient to pay taxes and considered the poor as idle and lazy therefore should not be given charity. Dickens shows that society should recognize the plight of the poor and contribute towards treating them more humanely. Scrooge embodies the prosperous English classes that see the poor as nothing and who think their responsibility towards helping others end with paying taxes (Book Rag Book Notes). Using the story of Scrooge, Dickens calls welfare from the poor showing that being unchairitable may lead to misfortune such as befell Marley a dead partner of Scrooge and as will happen to Scrooge if he does not change. Dickens’ socialist view such as in the book are however not through collectivism of resources, but through the rich coming in to help the poor, thus his ocialist ideals are that of charity and social responsibility of the rich towards the poor. Charles Dickens was one of the greatest authors of English Literature because he wrote on the issues and problems that concerned the lives of the people around him. Dickens achieved worldwide popularity for his novels, rich storytelling and memorable characters. He created scenes and descriptions of places that have longed delighted readers. Dickens was a keen observer of life and had a great understanding of humanity, especially of young people.Works Cited http://www.bookrags.com/notes/xmas/TOP1

IT Ethics and Security Essay

The bill of Children’s Internet Protection Act or CIPA is included in the United States Congress and is recommended to keep a tight rein on children’s disclosure to obscene websites and explicit material available on the internet and online. This bill was proposed by the Senator of Arizona, Mr.  John McCain who wanted CIPA to be in United States Senate in the year 1999; however it was not included until various other delegates launched it in the United States House of Representatives, subsequent to which an absolute version was made and passed on the 15th December, 2000 after President Bill Clinton brought it into Law on 21st December, 2000 which after a few years on 23rd June, 2003 finally got defended by the Supreme Court of United States of America (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). This law requires the schools and public libraries to use internet safety filters for the reception of certain national financial support. Therefore the Supreme Court of United States of America has followed on constitutionality CIPA and has been providing them with the relieves to acquire reasonably priced telecommunications and Internet (Willard, 2007). Supreme Court of United States of America’s ruling on CIPA The purpose of CIPA was to provide the libraries and schools of the USA with support for internet and telecommunication facilities and this has been followed perfectly since the Supreme Court of USA approved it however it has certain limitation. A legal apprehension for instructors is lawsuits brought through anxious parents and associations. Through certain internet filters the minors can be saved from the explicit content on the internet which may rot their minds at a very early age so this helps in preventing the data of school from being seen by some other sources and, therefore from all points provide maximum security to the children and their families (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). As mentioned there are certain limitation to the support program which includes that as per CIPA, schools and libraries under CIPA do not obtain the concession accessible through the â€Å"E-rate† program, which is a concession that provides the facility of internet to schools and libraries, until they confirm that they have all the internet security measures in place which include the filter of blockage of pictures which are obscene, which may contain explicit material or certain data which might be bad for the children’s mind, therefore the schools which have CIPA facility need to have proper monitoring system which is too under check of the USA authorities jus in case of any violation (Willard, 2007). Also the educational institutions and libraries under the watch and aid of CIPA have to implement an authority and are inquired about to check the children while they use the internet, send any electronic mail or use some kind of chatting resource through the web while special check on certain hacking or misuse of internet by a minor is done and all the information is under supervision of the authorities however it does not need tracing of internet and the websites used by the children or any adult during the subjection to CIPA as it can be done by the supervisor of the place where the internet is being used (US District Pennsylvania, 2010). Hence this has been one of the greatest steps taken by the United States government and surely has a brilliant positive effect on the minors as they not only learn the use of internet but are also protected through it. Conclusion The united states government has always taken steps for the betterment of its citizen and the ones through which they can be benefitted therefore this step of CIPA ruling under the Supreme Court of the USA deserves appreciation and especially the people who donate funds to help the schools and libraries running and provide facilities the young minds

Status of Women in the United States

The status of women in the United States throughout history has grown significantly. Throughout history women had fewer legal rights and career opportunities than. Women were seen to be just wives and mothers and take care of the homes while the husbands worked. Women did not have a say in having jobs, voting, or even attending college. It appears that a lot of things began to change around the 19th and 20th century. For example in the beginning of the 19th century, women began working outside the homes in large numbers, in textile mills and garment shops.The medical profession had also changed their attitude about women as well. This was considered to be suitable work for women. In the 1920's women were given the right to vote, however their political roles were minimal. Women have made a noticeable mark in the world today. Men have become more acceptable of the different roles we play. The change throughout the years have been reflected in the politics, employment and even in our s tatus within the home. 2. The status of women in the U. S. is that women are getting some of the same benefits as men.There are many organizations that fight for the equality of women and they are succeeding. When we look at how women are now allowed to be doctors and nurses, and receive the same pay. We also now see women in the courtrooms as judges and working in the construction area beside the men. Women have advanced greatly and have a lot to be proud of . We are striving daily to be treated fairly with the men and it is well deserved. There may be a small percentage of males that may feel that women are not equal to them, however, the larger percentage feels that women are equal.Women have struggled for years to be next to man and not in front or in back. Women work just has hard as a man and Appendix H3. however, the larger percentage feels that women are equal. Women have struggled for years to be next to man and not in front or in back. Women work just has hard as a man and should be paid just as well as a man. 3. Some of the concepts of masculinity and femininity I that I see in the society and in the media would be such as men should only be truck drivers, construction workers, railroad workers. Women should be in jobs such as nurses, homemakers, daycare providers, retail in the ladies departments.As far as the media is concerned, it is a little tricky to me because we now see men and women doing the news and also doing different television shows. Men used to be seen only doing the tough roles as gang members with guns and so forth. Women are now portrayed in these types of roles a well. Women and men may be seen as equally sharing these kinds of roles when it comes to the media. I think that it is a good thing for them to share roles equally. They both work hard and should be treated fairly. 4. The social status of GLBT people historically has been that they were not accepted into society years ago.They could not let society know that they were cou ples or they would either be jailed or even hurt. Most the them would have to keep their relationships hidden from society and even from their own families due to the ridicule that they would suffer. Many men and women would have to pretend that they were heterosexual in society so that they would not be judged. They could not be open and honest about their true identity. 5. The status of the LGBT is today's society is that they are accepted more into society. They have many activist that fight for their rights to be equal and they have won.For example, the biggest victory was same sex marriage. A lot of couples that were not able to broadcast their relationships are now able to be married. Appendix H4. 5. continued The couples are now able to enter society and be a family outside their homes without feeling judged. They are able to express their feelings openly through rallies, blogs, and in the media. They have come a long way and are proud of their accomplishments. 6. I believe t hat some of the social and political issues relevant to women and GLBT people in the United States is that same places of business are still having an issue with treating them fairly.For example, if a gay couples enters a place of business, they are automatically frowned upon and some are given less than fair treatment. When it comes to women, they are can be treated unfairly as far as when a woman goes to have her car repaired or if she goes to purchase a car. Many may see her as a helpless person and that she is not aware of what she is doing and will try to take advantage of her. The political issues are that the GLBT are seen in the news as constantly protesting and fighting for their rights.Many people in the political arena who do not like this group will not support any cases, any bills to be passed to support this group. As for the political issues for women, I would have to say for an example regarding the support of abortion laws. Some on the political parties may not agre e with this and so they will not support any passing of laws regarding abortion. Appendix H5. References http://www. now. org http://www. equalityfederation. org Papachristou, Judith, ed. Women Together: A History in Documents of the Women's Movement in the United States. New York: Knopf, 1976.

The Economic Growth in the US Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Economic Growth in the US - Term Paper Example Roubini claims that the current account deficits may be related to the appreciation or depreciation of a currency (2005). A national currency weakens when the inflow of capital in the country cannot fully finance a current account deficit, that is, the supply of financing from the capital account is low (Roubini 2005). As it is seen, capital inflows and outflows play an important role in this relation. Short-term and long-term interest rates, political risk factors, the GDP growth rate, and other economic factors determine the capital flows and are the direct causes of the currency fluctuations. Roubini calls all these â€Å"the law of gravity† for a currency (2005).   Still, as it was mentioned above, sometimes the laws of gravity are defied (Roubini 2005). The current account deficit worsens so much that the trajectory of its falling recoils reversely on the national currency. In 2005, the US dollar appreciated despite all dooming predictions. Which were the factors responsible for such a turn? According to Roubini’s opinion, there are three major factors that made it possible for the US dollar to maintain its status quo: 1/ The US short-term interest rates were kept tightened as compared to Europe and Japan, where they were on hold;   2/ The economic growth rate in the US was higher than in the European Union and Japan; 3/ The US Government adopted the Homeland Investment Act as of October 2004, which was meant to allow companies to repatriate offshore cash balances at a reduced tax rate (Roubini 2005). In 2006 the US current account deficit sloped down even more dramatically than during the previous year. According to the latest data, it increased to $218.4 billion in the second quarter of 2006 (Weinberg 2006). Economists do not cease to debate about the real and hypothetical explanations as to the causes worsening the overall picture of the US economy, in general, and the current account deficit, in particular. To generalize different standpoints, all debating boils down to two groups of explanations: domestic and exterior causes.

Naturalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Naturalism - Essay Example From the report it is clear the major theme in the literature of naturalism is that people are destined to any kind of life that the environment, inheritance and social circumstances have prepared for them. Another element that was recurring was the power of emotions which are primitive so as to negate human being’s reasoning. Naturalism takes the world the way it is, for good or sickness. As the study declares a novel for literature is often distinguished by the characteristics and life experiences of the people in the novel. Ironweed is a novel discussing the life of people who were homeless in the city of Albany, discussing about their lives under poverty and depression. The novel basically discusses one major protagonist who is known as Francis. He lived a troubled life full of violence but he longed for the day he will understand himself and change his life. The novel Ironweed is a literature novel which was written by William Kennedy. The setting of the book was during the era of the great depression. The novel talks of a man by the name Francis Phelan who was a drug addict and ended up killing his own son, though it was accidental. He also killed other people who had wronged him since he was filled with anger and could act with violence when a person does something wrong to him. Francis is the main character since the novel talks about his life as an alcohol add ict and the consequences that followed him.

SLP 2 HRM - 402 CONDUCTING NEED ASSESSMENTS Essay

SLP 2 HRM - 402 CONDUCTING NEED ASSESSMENTS - Essay Example This process also helps new employees to know what the organization expects from them. Implementation of training strategies in organizations also helps in attracting a pool of qualified employees who want to join organizations that also consider their professional development. This process also helps organizations have employees who are able to support their goals, which in turn supports their growth and expansion. Training also improves the level of motivation and efficiency of employees. Finally, this process decreases the need for employees to be supervised. This means that supervisors can use the time to perform more productive activities in the organization. Employees usually need to be trained in various areas from the time when they join and organization, for example, new employees need to be trained on the goals and objective of the company. They also need to be trained on how the company expects them to perform their duties. This is crucial because organizations do not have the same way of performing tasks. New employees will benefit in terms of being able to easily perform their duties. They will be more comfortable and confident in their tasks. Training is also crucial when new processes or technologies are introduced to the company. This will help employees gain knowledge on how to better perform tasks. New technology is useless if employees do not know how to make use of them. Employees will benefit by being more efficient in their duties as they apply the new processes or technologies. The process of training is intricate and challenging. Organizations need to divide up the process of training in different separate steps. For training to be successful, it is crucial for the organization to perform a training needs assessment. This makes sure that training concentrates on an employee’s weakness in order to improve the quality and the quantity of output. With a greater knowledge of the training

The Yellow Wallpaper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Yellow Wallpaper - Essay Example (Gilman, 28) Drowning, however, transpires not only death or thrashing of self, but also a pursuit for discovering the self. Discussion The narrator's flaking away the wallpaper for finding the ensnared woman within is symbolic of her plunge into her own psyche, from which revisiting, rebirth, "surfacing," is doable. This rebirth connotes again the recurrent image of dying and death that is prevalent in The Yellow Wallpaper. The narrator moves down into madness before she can appear as justly and divinely sane. In her jump deep into the wallpaper, bearing the ‘repellent’ color that was almost ‘revolting’ (Gilman, 32), she discovers not only repugnant images of suffocation and imprisonment but also a mirror figure of her own ripped psyche. This equates death to some extent. The woman in "The Yellow Wallpaper" has a very slow demise. The story covers the summer months. She reveals several glimpses of her perceptions of her husband and his treatment of her. Alt hough she never mentions physical abuse, the reader is lead to believe John is very indifferent to his wife's feelings and needs. He seems to have very little time for her and does not really even believe she is sick. This gives some insight into why she might feel a need to escape. The writings about her slight hysteria give way to very disturbing images of her creeping along the walls of her room as though desperately seeking an escape. Because "The Yellow Wallpaper" is told in first-person format and from the central character's point of view, the reader is confronted with a vast amount of information about her emotions. In "The Yellow Wallpaper" the central character is a woman who feels trapped and is searching for an escape. That escape comes for both of them in the end, although it is not an expected form of escape. After all, nobody would expect to escape an unhappy life by plunging into insanity or by dying. Insanity may be called in some ways the intellectual death. But th at is the escape found by these two women. It is based on the repression of women in the 19th century and also exposes the pitiable state of equality of women in societies. Women have been considered the creature that can be suppressed and oppressed in the desired manner by the male dominating societies. Male chauvinism has always been exercised on women which is parallel to death of a real feministic survival in society. A woman has been considered a tool or instrument of satisfaction and no more than that. This is what may be called the death of a whole gender. Undeniably, this touches the topic of feminism and liberation of women from social stratification. The woman who was confined in the room fundamentally represents all women in society who strive for equal rights. However, the wallpaper replicates what the major character and women was passing through. By shredding the wallpaper down, the protagonist held that she could win her self-determination, which indeed happened at th e conclusion. The very title bears a great significant image of death or dying. Yellow is an emblem of lifelessness or in other words death. The fissures and markings on the wallpaper demonstrate the moans of women and the color yellow represent death or dying. The bed represents their marriage and the woman she saw behind the bars in the wallpaper

Vegetarianism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Vegetarianism - Essay Example These goals, alone or in combination, are illustrative of factors that may contribute to or come as a result of the decision to implement a vegetarian lifestyle. Further investigation can illuminate the mechanisms through which vegetarianism may benefit personal health, animal rights, and the environment. The vegetarian diet is associated with several immediate health benefits for humans. For example, the fitness of the heart and lungs is paramount to a healthy lifestyle, and improvements in cardiovascular health have been noted following the adoption of a vegetarian routine. Research suggests that these benefits can be attributed to the lowering of lipids and the normalization of blood pressure linked with vegetarianism, but it is possible that other aspects of the vegetarian diet also contribute to cardiovascular improvements (Ferdowsian & Barnard, 2009). Another generally positive result of vegetarianism that may lead to improved cardiovascular health is weight loss. The loss of weight has many associated benefits and may be achieved (in the case of the vegetarian diet) largely because of the lowered caloric intake of vegetarian diets (Sacks et al., 2009). Despite the reduction in calories, the study by Sacks and colleagues also implies that vegetarians experience a similar amount of satiation from their diets as compared to traditional nourishment regimens, and are not likely to overeat in response to the decrease. Vegetarian diets are also associated with prolonged health benefits.... Research suggests that these benefits can be attributed to the lowering of lipids and the normalization of blood pressure linked with vegetarianism, but it is possible that other aspects of the vegetarian diet also contribute to cardiovascular improvements (Ferdowsian & Barnard, 2009). Another generally positive result of vegetarianism that may lead to improved cardiovascular health is weight loss. The loss of weight has many associated benefits, and may be achieved (in the case of the vegetarian diet) largely because of the lowered caloric intake of vegetarian diets (Sacks et al., 2009). Despite the reduction in calories, the study by Sacks and colleagues also implies that vegetarians experience a similar amount of satiation from their diets as compared to traditional nourishment regimens, and are not likely to overeat in response to the decrease. Vegetarian diets are also associated with prolonged health benefits, such as the sustainment of an optimal weight and a long-term decreas e in the risk of developing certain cancers. The body requires a small amount of various nutrients such as zinc and cobalt. These requirements are more broadly met through vegetarian diets, and these obtained micronutrients are connected with the maintenance of optimal weight as well as decreased risk for cancer. An increase in the consumption of carotenoids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and folic acids (found in vegetarian diets) is also linked with reduced cancer risks, and vegetarians have a much lower rate of colorectal cancer when compared to people on other diets (Van Duijnhoven et al., 2009). The benefits of vegetarianism reach beyond the individual. The promotion